{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/gm81j98d0j/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Interview with Farwa Aamer, February 6, 2023"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/212/original/LOHI_aviarybanner2.jpg?1741032082","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2023-02-06 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Interviewer"]},"value":{"en":["Scott, Blake"]}},{"label":{"en":["Interviewee"]},"value":{"en":["Aamer, Farwa"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Farwa Aamer describes her role as a researcher and director with the East-West Institute and the Stimson Center. Aamer has experience analyzing issues of transboundary water issues in South Asia and the Himalayas, with a particular emphasis on women’s rights and water security. As part of the EWI’s commitment to Track II diplomacy, she has organized a number of conferences and summits focused on these issues, bringing community leaders together from India and Pakistan in particular. In this interview, Aamer also discusses growing up in Karachi, Pakistan and her family’s influence on her career. She is the first woman in her family to go to university abroad. Before joining EWI, Aamer also studied and worked in the fields of international investment and development. \u003c/p\u003e (abstract)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Contributing Institution"]},"value":{"en":["College of Charleston Libraries"]}},{"label":{"en":["Media Type"]},"value":{"en":["Oral History"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject - Personal or Corporate"]},"value":{"en":["EastWest Institute","Henry L. Stimson Center","International Monetary Fund","Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung","Munter, Cameron","United Nations","World Bank"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject - Topical"]},"value":{"en":["Climate diplomacy","Diplomacy","Environmentalism","Geopolitics","Indus Water Workshop (2012)","Non-governmental organizations","Track two diplomacy","Water security","Yi dai yi lu (Initiative : China)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject - Geographic"]},"value":{"en":["Asia, Central","India-Pakistan Conflict, 1947-1949","Pakistan"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type IMT"]},"value":{"en":["video/mp4"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright © College of Charleston\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date Digital"]},"value":{"en":["2023-04-25"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eIn this interview, Farwa Aamer describes her role as a researcher and director with the East-West Institute and the Stimson Center. Aamer has experience analyzing issues of transboundary water issues in South Asia and the Himalayas, with a particular emphasis on women\u0026rsquo;s rights and water security. As part of the EWI\u0026rsquo;s commitment to Track II diplomacy, she has organized a number of conferences and summits focused on these issues, bringing community leaders together from India and Pakistan in particular. In this interview, Aamer also discusses growing up in Karachi, Pakistan and her family\u0026rsquo;s influence on her career. She is the first woman in her family to go to university abroad. Before joining EWI, Aamer also studied and worked in the fields of international investment and development.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright \u0026copy; College of Charleston\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Lowcountry Digital Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Lowcountry Digital Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/212/original/LOHI_aviarybanner2.jpg?1741032082","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/187/286/small/Aamer_Farwa_Feb20231.mp4_1683823857.jpg?1683823862","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Aamer_Farwa_Feb2023_1.mp4"]},"duration":3183.999,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/187/286/small/Aamer_Farwa_Feb20231.mp4_1683823857.jpg?1683823862","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-cofc.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/187/286/original/Aamer_Farwa_Feb2023_1.mp4?1683823839","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3183.999,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Transcript of Interview with Farwa Aamer, February 6, 2023 [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nGood afternoon, my name is Blake Scott. The date is February 6th, 2023, and we're here in Charleston, South Carolina, at the College of Charleston. The name of this project is the EastWest Institute Oral History Project. Thanks for joining us today. For the record, could you state your name, date of birth, and place of birth?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=0.0,19.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nSure. I'm Farwa Aamer, date of birth is February 6th, 1991, and I was born in Karachi, Pakistan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=19.0,31.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nHappy birthday.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=31.0,32.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nThank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=32.0,32.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nThis is an interesting way to celebrate your birthday, isn't it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=32.0,35.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nYeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=35.0,37.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nTo start it, if we're going to be self-reflexive about birthdays and history, could you tell us how you first became interested in international issues? Were there topics in school or in undergrad that stand out, shaping your commitments for this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=37.0,52.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nYeah, it's actually fascinating to look back into my own personal history as to when and how this actually started for me, my interest in international relations. By virtue of extracurricular activities, I have always been doing something, or being involved in clubs and societies in school that projected one towards international relations, and what's happening in the global world out there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=52.0,76.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Especially sitting in a school in Pakistan, international affairs mattered because the country received a lot of impacts from what was happening around the world. I think the key development was, when I was 13 years old, I was selected as one of the student delegates to represent Pakistan at a peace conference that was being held in India, at a school called the Dhirubhai Ambani International School in Mumbai.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=76.0,103.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was an India and Pakistan peace initiative, and it was a group of about eight students from Pakistan who were chosen to go over to Mumbai, and be involved in the activities arranged by the school. That was my first foray truly into international cooperation of sorts. Being there, it was something like a model United Nations, but a little bit informal, and focused on India and Pakistan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=103.0,136.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For anyone who understands the history of the subcontinent, India and Pakistan have a history of politically tense relations to wars. To be able to travel to India, a country with similar language, similar people, and to have that connectivity, shared values and exchange, communicating, and building friendship and goodwill felt quite rewarding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=136.0,162.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The next year, I was allowed to visit again for the same conference, but this time as a facilitator, because of my previous experience as a delegate. I gathered a group, and we went over for similar activities. The idea, the crux of it was to promote peace, and promote connectivity, and enable better relations between these two countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=162.0,186.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nWhat were some of the activities that you all engaged in during that visit?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=186.0,190.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nIt was just everything ranging from putting us together in one group, Indians and Pakistanis, not looking at which side you come from. You were assigned one of the countries, and you had to take sides. You could be a Pakistani but representing India, or you could be an Indian representing Pakistan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=190.0,215.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That allowed you to develop a bit of an unbiased attitude, and look at it from the other country's perspective when you are proposing solutions to a given problem. Say, \"Okay, Arts and Culture, what do you propose?\" I could represent India and say, \"This is what I propose,\" and it had to be completely unbiased. It had to be non-partisan in every way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=215.0,237.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Letting go of your identity, and really looking at it as another country's citizen, that allows you to have a more broader perspective. Sometimes people call it patriotism, sometimes it could be nationalism, it takes that away, and really allows you to look at the issue, or the challenge at hand. That was one prime activity I could, at the top of my head, think of at the moment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=237.0,258.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nYeah, that's fascinating. Where do you think this interest in international affairs, or thinking about relations between India and Pakistan came from? Are there conversations in your household? Are there family members who are talking about this? Where does the idea come from for you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=258.0,274.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nI think for me, I was lucky to be born in a household that was very woke, for lack of a better word. My father, he's a journalist. He's been very involved with media organizations, especially in Pakistan, but also across South Asia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=274.0,295.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During those times when I was growing up, there was SAARC, South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation, which is one of the most recognized bodies in the region. It was very active. Now, not so much. They used to have a South Asian Free Media Association, the journalism body under SAARC. My father was very involved with that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=295.0,315.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing up, we received delegations from India for that media exchange, and they traveled to India for that similar exchange, and of course Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and other South Asian countries. I saw that happening a lot by virtue of just being there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=315.0,334.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's  like a passive participant, but being in the room, observing that, seeing people coming together. I think that always was a factor that pushes you unknowingly. You don't really intend on it, but I think maybe it's something that you inherit, or it's just an interest that subconsciously you're developing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=334.0,358.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was academically aligned as a student, so I was fortunate enough to be picked to be this delegate, and to be able to go. That just further strengthened all of the interest that you are carrying. At 13, if you get to do that, I think it really helps solidify your outlook on life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=358.0,393.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nThinking of your outlook, when did you feel like you had an intention that this was going to be your interest, that you were going to focus on international affairs? Was this in undergrad? Was it grad school? When did you know this is going to be your professional calling, or at least, it is at the moment?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=393.0,410.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nMy professional calling, when I was 26, so 13 years later. The way I was growing up, I grew up in a brown household, and I was the eldest of three kids. Of course, the first thing your parents tell you is, \"Oh yeah. You're becoming a doctor.\" So I was working towards becoming a doctor. It's like, \"You're the only one who can do it.\" \"Okay, yeah.\" I studied biology, chemistry, physics. We do British curriculum in Pakistan, we follow that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=410.0,443.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did my O-Levels, all sciences, thinking I will become a doctor. Come A-Levels, I decided to pivot. I was like, \"No, that is not for me. I think I want to become an entrepreneur, and I want to do an MBA, and all of that. I want to go into economics. I think there's a lot more opportunity. I want to be able to tap into a degree that gives me more room, and be more flexible with what I want to do.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=443.0,466.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did economics at A-Levels, and related subjects, and went on to pursue that as my major for my bachelors at the University College London, UCL. I did economics, and I followed up to do my masters in management and finance. Throughout this, when I was doing my bachelors, I was still taking modules that were very much global in their outlook, in the way that they were defined.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=466.0,497.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World economy, international trade, economics of regulation worldwide, applied economics, again, worldwide. You're looking at not simply just the macro and microeconomics or in a certain geographical region, but you are looking at economics of development, for example. That's completely getting into developing parts of the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=497.0,521.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Academically, I was getting all of the knowledge, and all the background information, which is important for how the world is developing, how it's working towards its economic growth and development ambitions. With all of that going on, I still was very much thinking of going into investment banking and management consulting. Life happens, and one little experience and I found myself in international relations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=521.0,556.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nOkay. I want to understand your interest in economics and investment. Did you want to go back to Pakistan and work in this field, or were you interested in being a traveler, doing work somewhere else? What did you think you were going to do with this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=556.0,574.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nThis is somebody who is young and ambitious thinking, not that I'm not young and ambitious now. Thinking back, I think the idea was that I will get this experience of working in the finance side of the things in private sector, and take this experience eventually to the World Bank or to the IMF.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=574.0,597.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because when you are growing up in a country like Pakistan, these two international agencies have a lot of clout. They are mentioned in media and otherwise in political reportings, because the IMF lends you money. In countries like Pakistan, World Bank is arbitrating the Indus Waters Treaty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=597.0,617.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there is all this opportunity—and you feel like if you can get to the World Bank or you can get to the IMF, you can actually make a change. Not only for countries like Pakistan, but countries that are in the developing stage or underdeveloped stage and contribute to that. But I wanted to have that experience first to be able to then go into the public sector. So that was the long term goal. But yeah, little did I know, it'll be reversed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=617.0,649.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nIt's a broader question, so you can take it in any direction you want, but what was it like growing up in Pakistan and then what did you see that made you want to work with IMF or World Bank? What is the relationship between that experience and then trying to help or get development aid? Does that make sense?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=649.0,674.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nYeah. Well, there are two part to this question, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=674.0,678.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nThere is. Like I said, you could take it in any direction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=678.0,680.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nYeah. Growing up in Pakistan, it's different from what I assume kids my age would experience growing up in the west. I was blessed to be born in a household that was obviously privileged in many ways. We didn't have any restrictions in terms of education or other opportunities. My father particularly is a very open-minded individual that's not like...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=680.0,713.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pakistan is a lot different than what the broader media might portray. I mean there are a lot of issues and I'm not shying away from those at all, but life is not as insecure as it is made out to be in the west through media. We lived a fairly healthy childhood.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=713.0,737.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were concerns of course, security concerns. You're not allowed to go to certain places, you're not allowed to venture too far, don't be out at night and all of that. But overall, I think we had some of the best educational institutions available to us and I was lucky to have gone through them, study them. And then my family, my father being particularly just an ambitious person, somebody who want their kids to do better.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=737.0,769.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think he himself coming from that experience where he was a cricketer and he used to play cricket in Durham growing up, but he was called back by his father because they had this entire family business and he was like, \"No, somebody needs to complete their education and look after this.\" So he wasn't able to stay back in England and pursue cricket.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=769.0,791.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For him, it was very important that we do what we want to do and he made sure that we get all the right opportunities. He was the first one to say... I mean, I was the first girl from both my paternal and maternal sides of family to go abroad to study.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=791.0,811.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what they say, \"You're going abroad to study for higher education.\" I think apart from that, it was a fairly normal childhood. It was very competitive of course, and I was a nerd. So I spent it looking into books and everything else that can get me a good grade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=811.0,831.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nYou answered part one, which was, it was a good upbringing for you. So then the next part is part two, you have that good upbringing. Well then, what leads you to want to do IMF or World Bank work that would have an influence on your home country? Does that make sense then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=831.0,852.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nYeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=852.0,853.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nMaybe there's a difference.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=853.0,856.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nSlightly. For me, I think it is less to do with how my home country is being affected. It is more of a global outlook on all the countries that are being affected. If you look around, there's Pakistan, but then you look at other parts of the world who are impoverished and who are in desperate need of development aid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=856.0,886.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pick up the parts of Africa, whether you look at refugee crisis happening in the Middle East. There are different parts of the world that definitely need a lot more help and international assistance. I think the idea was to get to a place where you could create an impact and you're not sitting back in an office without being able to have any real impact on the ground with what you do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=886.0,921.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For me, it was important. I think it always was important to be able to see something come out of what I'm doing in terms of an impact on community. It could be very small spec in the universe kind of an impact or whatever role I can play. But I think that was the idea and I did not have a geographical focus in mind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=921.0,944.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nUnderstand. Yeah. Okay. Well, walk us through this then. You go from an interest in investment banking, development, some degree of entrepreneurial activities to someone who now studies transboundary water rights and issues of environmental justice. How do you go from A to B? Or maybe it's C? Maybe there's a step in between.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=944.0,970.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nYeah, sound like a jack of all trades. Hopefully, master of one. But yeah, it's been… there have a lot of pivots, but I think one thing that I have... Through studying economics, I have to say this, the degree allows you to really have flexibility in terms of what you want to do like I said earlier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=970.0,994.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because what you learn, you could apply it to so many different fields of your life on different sectors so that knowledge is just invaluable. Coming into water, when I started with EastWest Institute, I started completely looking at just the economic investments of China in South Asia. I was working as a part of Asia-Pacific Program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=994.0,1019.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But then couple of months in, I had a discussion with the leadership that South Asia is to too big a region to be a vertical under a different program. It has to be its own program. We need to discuss its challenges and its opportunities with a full-fledged program that allows you to do different activities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1019.0,1044.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The idea was well taken and we were able to launch the South Asia Program. In 2018 we launched it as South Asia Initiative. In 2019, it became a full-fledged South Asia Program. A little piece of information would be that it was during that time after I'd come, and this is post- of course, John's Mroz's time that EastWest Institute formally engaged itself in South Asia and expanded its programming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1044.0,1076.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When we started looking in South Asia and where it's an opportunity for us to do something that's going to be unique, what the DC Think Tanks are not doing. I say DC Think Tanks because EWI was based in New York. We didn't want to talk about Kashmir. We've seen them, how that goes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1076.0,1097.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's always going to be deadlock. We didn't want to talk about nukes. We didn't want to talk about Afghanistan. It was already being done. Also, there's a lot of reservation from countries within South Asia to come to the table to talk about these issues. We wanted our track two diplomacy work to really be a part of the program and the program to be a part of track two work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1097.0,1123.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we had to do it in a way that can get all the players on the table or most if not all. So in early 2019, there was a bit of an escalation between India and Pakistan. There were attacks in Pulwama, which led to almost a threat of military escalation. But what was notable was a lot of rhetoric started coming out in the media regarding potential revocation of the Indus Waters Treaty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1123.0,1156.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Indus Waters Treaty, of course, is a water sharing agreement between India and Pakistan on the sharing of the Indus River, which sustains lives and livelihoods on both sides of the river. It's one of the most revered treaties because it has stood the test of two wars between these countries, stood the test of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1156.0,1178.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was arbitrated in 1960 by the World Bank and for it to be revoked now at a time when we are experiencing climate change and water stress is something that the world cannot afford. I don't even say the region, I don't think the world can afford given the population of South Asia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1178.0,1203.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The potential of conflict already being so high and water being strategized, politicized or even was securitized, we thought that was something that we could play a role in. We have to have our dialogue, we have to have some sort of programming that works against the narrative of competition and promote the idea of cooperation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1203.0,1229.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That essentially was the concept and we worked on it. I obviously educated myself a little bit more and with the help of the leadership, and we've spoke[n] to a lot of people who probably have done a little bit in the past. We launched the Water Security in the Himalayan region project that year in 2019 and held our inaugural round table dialogue in Brussels in cooperation with the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, this German foundation and they're our partners still today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1229.0,1266.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During that inaugural round table, same year as Pulwama when India and Pakistan, nobody else at any level where it's really coming into conversation of being at the same table at all. We had India, we had Pakistan, we had China, we had Bangladesh, we had Nepal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1266.0,1284.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So prominent South Asian countries along with the US and EU on the same table to talk about hydro diplomacy because they all felt that water should not be securitized. That was a real breakthrough moment and well, the rest is history and we realized that this has to be our flagship project.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1284.0,1304.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nSo 2019, it's still the EastWest Institute at that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1304.0,1308.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nYes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1308.0,1311.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nWas it a conference, was it a summit? What was the beginning of these dialogues? Where did you meet? What type of facilitation did you try to engender in this experience?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1311.0,1325.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nYeah, we hosted a round table dialogue and this was held in Brussels at the EastWest Institute Brussels office. We chose Brussels because it's a lot more convenient for I think countries from the global south to A: get the visa in time and to come on to visit in terms of time as well, it's easier for them to get there. We were doing hybrid then, so we had a couple of people who were Zooming in or Skype. But yeah, that was the format we went around with and we had an interactive session. So...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1325.0,1366.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nDid you bring the questions to the table or how did the conversation start? I'm just trying to think of models for what track two diplomacy looks like for...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1366.0,1375.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nI think that we don't want to influence too much the narrative. We want it to be as candid, as open and as impromptu as possible. Of course, we hold these under Chatham House so that everyone has that safe space, a safe environment to be able to speak the truth and we provide guidelines. It's just how we work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1375.0,1403.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We provide some guidelines, especially for the opening sessions. We would love for you to touch upon this, touch upon that. Ideally, somebody who's coming in from India, somebody who's coming from Nepal, we would want them to speak a little bit about their area of expertise to share and it also works as a form of introduction, sets the stage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1403.0,1423.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Once the stage has been set, we have a question or two really that's there to just kick off the discussion. But a lot of those questions come from in the moment. People, after they've heard the remarks, they've heard the response to the first question, it's just out of curiosity or of just general concern, or people have come with questions prepared because they know who's going to be in the room.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1423.0,1454.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We want to have more of that so that it's as interactive as possible. It really allows people to become discussants and not like, \"Come, listen to this panelist, go back home.\" Because we want it to be a round table. At the end of the day, what we want is that we come up with at least solid five recommendations that can be fed into not only our networks, but then their own individual networks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1454.0,1483.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They go back home, they disseminate it with their networks, our cooperation partners disseminate it with their networks. We have the EU in the room. So there's a lot of interest from the commission to invest into countries and their water scarcity issues and challenges. So they get informed, they get recommendations so it has to be holistic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1483.0,1504.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nI understand. What are some of the recommendations that you all have developed in terms of sharing these water resources? You mentioned number one that it shouldn't be securitized or militarized, so I understand that, but what are some additional steps or recommendations they came up with, I should say?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1504.0,1525.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nI think in general, the consensus is that there has to be a little bit more responsiveness to international law that is existing on the sharing of transboundary rivers so there are two. The UNECE 1992 Water Convention, which was originally designed for Europe, but then it was globalized so open to the rest of the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1525.0,1552.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it speaks to the idea of how you can have cooperation over shared rivers to make sure that your populations get equitable access to water. In 1997, there was a UN Watercourses Convention, and that is essentially a compliment to the 1992 convention, but it broadens up and it talks a lot more about the non-navigational uses of watercourses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1552.0,1579.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the idea is for these countries to ratify, member states to ratify these conventions. When you ratify these conventions, you automatically fall under the provisions and you have to comply by those provisions. Those provisions obviously restrict the idea of competition, conflict and promote dialogue, negotiations, mediation. Jointly working on development of a certain basin and not taking unilateral decisions, especially now with the dam building race that's going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1579.0,1619.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nYeah, a lot of upstream, downstream.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1619.0,1621.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nUpstream, downstream, right. These instruments unfortunately, have not been widely ratified as they should have been even just going by the UNECE Water Convention. I mean their latest monitoring report, only 24 river basins are under operational agreements, there're 286 globally. So that's something that is because of lack of political will or the absence of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1621.0,1652.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or in general, somewhere I think the overseeing mechanisms become a little bit ineffective as well, because again, not inviting political wrath or just traditionally what's happening in the world, puts these things in the back bench.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1652.0,1669.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But also, I think one of the most important things to keep in mind is when you have a water sharing agreement with or without ratification on these more internationally recognized instruments like a bilateral sharing agreement as well, you have to comply by it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1669.0,1692.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You'll not be able to take a unilateral decision as an upstream country without consulting with a downstream country if you have a formal water sharing agreement, because then the downstream country can take you to the court of arbitration like in the case of Indus Waters Treaty. Where it doesn't exist, that's where the threat of conflict is really high in water. For example, India and China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1692.0,1715.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nI feel like we could talk about this for a long time so I'm going to ask one more question about water and then we can pivot to some other subjects. What do you feel is the main concern or issue currently with Indus River in terms of transboundary issues? I know you have a talk at six, but if you were to say that this is the main issue, what would you summarize?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1715.0,1742.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nWell, there's not one...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1742.0,1743.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nThere's not one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1743.0,1744.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nThat's the hard part.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1744.0,1746.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nOkay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1746.0,1746.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nThere's not one. I think we are now looking at a system where you're facing multifaceted issues, everything everywhere all at once. It's like that movie. Everything is happening together and everything has to be from a policymakers' viewpoint. You need to look at every aspect and every subset of the challenge as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1746.0,1773.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you were to say, Indus River for example, it's a glacial-fed river. When you have rapidly melting glaciers as it is because of climate change. So climate change leading to the rapidly melting glaciers mean that you have either excess flooding and then eventually your river's going to run dry in the years to come.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1773.0,1795.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So your lean seasons are going to become a lot more prominent. That, in tandem with the groundwater depletion that the basin is experiencing, is a crisis for the region's agricultural sector for both India and Pakistan because you have this economy that is heavily reliant on its agricultural output, and it's a huge part of the GDP on both ends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1795.0,1825.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To be able to not cater to the water demands of the agriculture sector, you are looking at a heavy economic crisis in the making, especially at a time when the country is already needy in the economic crisis, at least of Pakistan. India's doing far better, but of course it's going to affect India's economy as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1825.0,1844.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nYeah, I'm not an expert in this region, but I've heard of stories of 40% of the country being flooded...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1844.0,1854.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nOh, last year, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1854.0,1856.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\n... from the Indus River. And the same time, I've heard about questions of scarcity and desertification. So it's hard for someone who's not on the ground to imagine how you could go from one extreme to the next and what a water management governing system would look like to deal with that. It's a bit mind-boggling as someone from the outside, but I don't necessarily have a question on that, but if you want to comment, I would be happy to hear it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1856.0,1883.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nNo, I think it's either way. It's water, too much of it, too little of it. Both needs attention.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1883.0,1889.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nOkay. Let's move to some other questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1889.0,1892.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nYeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1892.0,1892.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nEWI, how does that relationship start for you? When do you first learn of EWI and when do you begin to work with the institute?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1892.0,1902.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nI first came to know of EWI through ambassador Cameron Munter, former President and CEO of the EastWest Institute. He was visiting Karachi. He was a former ambassador of the United States to Pakistan, and I happened to be at the talk he was giving. My father was invited, he dragged me along.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1902.0,1922.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was basically during winter vacation from uni that I was visiting Karachi. From the same day, my father was like, \"Oh, you must come to this talk and you'll find it interesting.\" Brown fathers also don't take a no. So I was like, \"No, I'll be jet-lagged.\" He was like, \"No, there no no. You're coming.\" So I was lucky enough to be forced and I said yes, and I was there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1922.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course, ambassador Cameron Munter or anyone and everyone who's heard from him, they can vouch for his charisma and his great charm and the way he talks and great stories and experiences to share. He spoke of the EastWest Institute during that talk, and that was my first introduction to what the Institute does. What is it about? Honestly, my first proper introduction to how a Think Tank really works. Yeah, that was in 2016.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1950.0,1982.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nAnd then did you get an invitation for a position, a job, an internship? Did you climb the hierarchy? Did you jump straight into a research position?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1982.0,1993.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nI went up to ambassador Munter, and I obviously was like, \"Oh, I really enjoyed your talk.\" My father introduced me and I was like, \"Oh, we would love to stay in touch.\" He shared that they want to do something in South Asia, but they've not really done something in Pakistan and Syria is not there yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=1993.0,2014.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They work in Afghanistan, and of course it's a little bit. Cameron does on his own, he goes on to do these talks and stuff, but no formal engagement. I was like, \"Oh, if there's something I can contribute, please let me know. I'd be very happy to.\" I took his email address, his visiting card, and I sent him a follow-up email. I think I must have bombarded his inbox with a lot of follow-ups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2014.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But he finally responded, and he did say that there was an interest in doing something with regards to the Chinese investments in South Asia that I mentioned earlier on. Given that I studied economics, this was something that I could do. So I was like, \"Oh, let me send my resume across.\" I sent my resume across and yeah, the rest is history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2040.0,2068.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, this was, I think early 2017. I was still in London. I was looking for my management, consulting, investment banking jobs. But when the opportunity arose and I was able to make my way through it in terms of this position and the hiring and stuff, I took it on and then moved from London to New York.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2068.0,2092.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nNice. And so you began with the focus on thinking about Chinese investment in Pakistan?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2092.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nMm-hmm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2100.0,2101.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nWhat exactly is Chinese investment? I understand that they were more in South Asia more broadly?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2101.0,2106.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nMore in South Asia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2106.0,2107.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nYeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2107.0,2107.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nYeah. So China, if you're familiar with the Belt and Road Initiative, one of its flagship projects is China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, which is, of course, a series of investments by China in different sectors within Pakistan and obviously similar investments were happening in Sri Lanka, in northern India, in Bangladesh and Nepal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2107.0,2138.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there was a lot of concern with regards to the transparency of these investments. What do they really mean? Because China, of course, wouldn't reveal its long-term plans. The government who is working with China would also review these long-term plans. So there's a lot of concern with regards to South Asia, especially Pakistan receiving the most amount of investment from China, which is not really aid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2138.0,2170.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are loans. They have lower interests, but these are loans. Can push Pakistan to become, it's going to be another East India company. That's why it was important for Think Tanks or for anyone who is looking at China and also with an interest in South Asia to see how this cloud is developing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2170.0,2192.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is it something that China is doing just because it wants to further its footprint and make sure it has a lot of countries under its kitty in case of greater global competition for its competitors? Or was it something that's generally going to be a game changer for Pakistan as it was being advertised to be? It's going to be a game changer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2192.0,2214.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pakistani and Indians would say, \"Oh, CPAC is going to be a game changer.\" So that was the area you were really looking into and what is going to be the economic impact of each of these projects and how much is it going to affect or benefit the locals, and what would it mean for local industrialists?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2214.0,2236.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What would it mean for local employees? Would it put people out of work? Are we expecting expats now to be doing this work? What is going to be the employment situation looking like? So all of that had to be put into consideration along with, of course, the greater political security motive that China might have had.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2236.0,2255.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nDid you organize conferences or round tables on this subject, or was it more research?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2255.0,2261.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nIt was more research-oriented when I began.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2261.0,2261.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nYeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2261.0,2264.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nIt was pretty much like what can we find and feed into the greater work that the program was doing with China? We had some Chinese delegations who would come over and we would talk about CPAC with them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2264.0,2279.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nIs that still a topic that you all are dealing with, or is… the focus on water governance now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2279.0,2285.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nI think we shifted away from it very early. It was part of the program, South Asia program of course. But then South Asia program when it became full-fledged as a pillar at the EastWest Institute, we wanted to have other things in the mix as well. We wanted to take the attention away from just talking about China, but also US Pakistan relations, US [inaudible] relations, media relations within South Asia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2285.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is freedom of speech looking like, media exchange? What smaller states are going through? Is there a level of connectivity with the rest of the world, especially with their neighbors as well? Any episodes that might have happened, but you have to keep in mind that the program was launched in 2018 and 2019 was when we found our [inaudible] in water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2310.0,2338.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We only had a few months where we did these different round tables regarding media, regarding what are the top issues. We would hold a round table to say, \"Okay, what are the top issues in a South Asian diaspora?\" Former policy makers and academics focused in South Asia and New York to come together and be like, \"Okay, what do you think are the top issues and where do you think we should be focusing on?\" So we wanted feedback oriented work as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2338.0,2365.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nOkay. I'd like to know about the transition from EWI to the Stimson Center.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2365.0,2368.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nSure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2368.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nHow do you make sure that those issues continue from EWI, continuity and programming? What was that experience like and how did you all make that plan happen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2370.0,2381.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nWell, I was lucky, during the transition when that happened, to become a part of the Energy, Water and Sustainability Program at Stimson, which was pretty much under the Southeast Asia program. Stimson Southeast Asia program does a lot of Mekong River work, but in a different manner.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2381.0,2403.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They do it more data monitoring wise and Mekong is a river that has a lot more data available and it's gifted in a way that there's a lot more cooperation over that river than the kind of rivers we were looking at. For me to transition over and take our project, the Water Security Project, by then, by 2020 when EWI seized operations, we had already expanded on this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2403.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, we were still South Asia program, but the project had scaled to talk about other conflict prone and water stress regions with if not similar challenges, but some challenges that run in peril. We decided to scale it and include Middle East, talk about Middle East and similar dynamic we can find between Turkey, Iraq and Syria and of course Central Asia and the five central Asian countries, how they come together on the sharing of transboundary rivers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2430.0,2466.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had already expanded our portfolio and the transition of Stimson happens. So we were able to take all of this to the Stimson Center and actually gave the Energy, Water and Sustainability Program a lot more life. It had more programming to it. So far, it was just working on the sidelines of the Southeast Asia program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2466.0,2498.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because we were doing such unique work with regards to this whole idea of water and climate security through our track two diplomacy model that it complimented the data model that Stimson was following. It worked out well. Here and there have been some new things that I've done, but predominantly, we have really carried on the work and built it bigger and better from what we developed at the facility.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2498.0,2532.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nIs there still this focus on people coming together around the table? Do you design those types of programs?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2532.0,2541.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nYes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2541.0,2542.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nCould you give us an example of a recent program that's in the past or something you're planning for the future?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2542.0,2549.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nThe most recent one that we've held was November of last year in Brussels again. What we do is usually, the model that we have worked for our project, and it's worked well for us, is that we take one dialogue and its takeaways and use those takeaways to design the next dialogue and then so on and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2549.0,2573.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We did not stop during Covid. We continued working, we continued developing different project ideas to be able to... We had two in-person dialogues already by the time Covid happened. Right before Covid in fact, we had our second dialogue in Colombo, Sri Lanka, and that's when Covid also hit, was on March 2 that we held our dialogue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2573.0,2603.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The main feedback we received from dialogue one, dialogue two was institutions, the importance of institutions in strengthening cooperation on shared rivers. Our third iteration in the dialogue series was dedicated to water institutions in building and strengthening of regional water governance institutions, whether they can be a tool for conflict prevention.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2603.0,2632.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was the broader theme and we had a two-day conference in fact, and we broke it into different sessions and thematic sessions under that giant theme. We discussed global cooperation, we discussed public and private sector partnerships. We discussed water and energy linkages for transboundary rivers and then we also spoke about gender and water linkages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2632.0,2660.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We also, of course, dedicated a session to come up with the roadmap for EU and international water diplomacy so that when anyone who's participating from EU or from say the administrate level, they can take some things for their own roadmap as a look at the upcoming big affairs with regards to water, like the UN2023 Water Conference or the COPs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2660.0,2688.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nIt sounds like a holistic academic analysis with practical implications.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2688.0,2695.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nRight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2695.0,2696.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nOftentimes, in the university setting, the conversation ends when the class ends or the conference ends. But in this case, you're trying to get folks to take these lessons home and implement them and continue the conversation. This might seem like a very obvious question, but I was hoping you could help us understand it. What motivates you to do this work personally? What's the fire that keeps you on this issue?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2696.0,2726.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nI think, like I said earlier, even that's back in the universe role that you can play that can create a little impact on the ground, especially with regards to one of the most vital sources of life, which is water. I'm very grateful and I feel very lucky to be in a position where I can, with my limited expertise and limited experience, speak to this challenge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2726.0,2758.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If not anything else, at least highlight it and raise awareness. Working in international relations and working especially in sustainable security and enabling or being a part of that process which enables cooperation over competition in a world that is becoming increasingly polarized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2758.0,2781.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think you feel like you are on the right side of the history. I mean, maybe at some point I will be like, \"There's something else for me out there and I should be pursuing other things.\" But I've learned so much just by being in this industry, by meeting so many people who have four times, five times the experience I have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2781.0,2810.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And to be able to share the stage with them and to be able to not only learn but maybe contribute to what they're doing, I think that's what really drives you. Narrowing down to the water community, there are not very many of us. When you look at the size comparatively to the rest of the diplomatic world or academics, they're involved in so many other areas of research, but water specifically, they're not very many.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2810.0,2845.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In my three and a half years of working on this, I feel like I've come in touch with, if not everyone, I think most people, just because there's a lot of interconnectedness. There's a lot more eagerness to know one another. You could be sitting in Africa and working on Nile, but they will reach out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2845.0,2866.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll be sitting in New York and my expertise might be South Asia, but I'll be very keen on connecting with somebody who is working with the Sava River Commission. It all comes together because water, at the very crux of it, the challenges it produces are similar and the opportunities that it produces are also very similar. It just needs to cater to the fabric of the country or the region or the community that you're dealing with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2866.0,2896.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nIt's also a human right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2896.0,2900.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nIf not the most prominent, it's definitely right up there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2900.0,2903.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nYeah. This could be off camera or off video conversation, but I've been really fascinated with the movement to create moral extensionist rights for rivers in addition to just humans, but also what are the innate rights of the river beyond our particular uses. We can comment on that, or I can transition to another question. What would you prefer?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2903.0,2930.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nI think there are so many. It's interesting you asked that because we always talk about what is going to be the economic impact or what is going to be the humanitarian impact of a certain river running dry or being contaminated or flows being altered or what have you? But if you go deeper down into the cultural, religious, spiritual significance of rivers, there's a lot more to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2930.0,2954.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are people out there who genuinely are concerned about the biodiversity. Are we destroying the ecosystem? It is a rightful concern, although much of it stems from the food insecurity concerns, but it is like, \"Okay, are you destroying what the river is actually made of because of human interventions or by just over exploiting the resource?\" The other is, there are countries in the world where water is worshiped.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2954.0,2983.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In India, the Ganges River is Mother Ganga. It holds a lot of religious significance. Brahmaputra is the son of Brahma, so Lord Brahma. In Hinduism, these rivers are of extreme religious significance and they're used for so many purposes, of course. The water itself, the river just itself has a lot more significance beyond what it can offer. There are communities that are looking at what you can offer to the water as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=2983.0,3024.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nThank you for that. I have one final question for you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=3024.0,3027.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nSure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=3027.0,3029.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nHere at the College of Charleston, I know your visit is part of this, and students and young people in general, what type of advice would you offer for someone who's interested in getting into this field of international affairs or environmental issues that cross borders?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=3029.0,3046.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nI think one is to be open-minded in terms of whatever opportunity that comes your way. That's a general recommendation to anyone who wants to do anything in life, is that you have to have an open mind. If you fixate yourself to just one idea, it can put you in a box and you shouldn't be in a box. The only time you should be in a box is when you're dead. But if you come with an open mind, I think opportunities start presenting themselves and you just have to be able to pick on those.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=3046.0,3082.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But particularly for international relations, I think for anyone who has that drive to, I won't say make world a better place, but just drive to contribute to the mass functioning system, and there's so many things, to contribute to the future generations because what actions we take today will be the outcome for what our future generations will be experiencing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=3082.0,3113.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that drive, plus, of course, the hard work being put into it is something that is going to pay off. But networking plays a key role. If you take that passion and your open mindedness and your ambition and then start talking to people. People who've been in the industry for years or even who are working at any level, speak to them so that you can understand where you can best fit yourself in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=3113.0,3148.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also, these people can help you then in the future to pave your own pathway. Yeah, I think for me, these ideas have probably worked out to get me where I am, and hopefully we can continue and I can contribute somewhat through the help of the community that we've built.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=3148.0,3172.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nThank you. Anything else you'd like to add or?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=3172.0,3174.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nNo, just thank you for having me, and I'm glad to be a part of this conversation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=3174.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLAKE SCOTT\n\nYeah. Thanks for sharing your story and your insights.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=3180.0,3182.0"},{"id":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286/transcript/43780/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FARWA AAMER\n\nOf course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://lcdl.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1894/collection_resources/87109/file/187286#t=3182.0,3183.999"}]}]}]}